Glossary
Adsorbable Organic Halides (AOX)
AOX is a measure of the amount of chlorinated compounds in an effluent. It correlates with the amount of chlorine used for bleaching.
ADMT
Air dry metric tonne.
ADt
Air dry short ton.
Air dry
According to trade conventions, air dry pulp is assumed to contain 90% dry pulp and 10% moisture.
Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD)
This parameter is an indicator of the impact, on receiving waters, of organic material found in effluents. It measures the amount of dissolved oxygen required by microorganisms to decompose the organic material in the effluent. Aquatic life needs oxygen to survive.
Biofuel
See Biomass.
Biomass
Renewable energy source derived from bark, wood shavings, sawdust, black liquor and effluent treatment sludge. Biomass is carbon neutral, meaning that burning it releases the same amount of carbon dioxide it would release if left to decompose. Often used as fuel to operate cogeneration facilities or boilers.
Biosolids
The solids that remain after wastewater treatment. This material is separated from the cleaned water, landfilled, treated and composted into fertilizer or other beneficial use.
Black Liquor
This by-product of chemical pulping consists of wood fibre residue, water and chemicals that are generally burned to produce energy and steam.
Bucking
Wood processing operation where logs are cut into shorter lengths.
CAAF
Contrat d’approvisionnement et d’aménagement forestier (timber supply and forest management agreements).
Carbon Dioxide Equivalents (CO2 eq.)
It is the amount of greenhouse gases released from non-renewable energy sources, expressed as carbon dioxide, taking into account the global warming potential of non-carbon dioxide greenhouse gases (e.g. methane, nitrous oxides).
Chemical Pulp
Pulp produced from wood chips using chemical processes to break the bonds between the wood fibres.
Crown Licenses
Licenses granted by provincial governments to companies that allow those companies to harvest trees on the licensed land.
Debarking
A process that removes bark from the surface of logs.
Dimension Lumber
Lumber for buildings and for other structures that is cut to standard sizes, or to special sizes as ordered.
Effluent
Wastewater from the manufacturing process that has been cleaned and treated before it is returned to the environment.
Environmental Management System (EMS)
An EMS is a continual cycle of planning, implementing, reviewing and improving the processes and actions that an organization undertakes to meet its business and environmental goals.
Fbm
Foot-board measure (board foot) equal to one square foot of lumber one inch thick (MMFbm is 1,000,000 board feet).
Fine Paper
Uncoated freesheet paper.
Fly-Ash
Particles of ash that remain after the combustion process and that are carried by combustion gases emitted from boilers.
Forest Stewardship Council (FSC)
The Forest Stewardship Council is an international non-profit organization that supports appropriate environmental management of the worlds forests. It promotes an international labeling scheme for forest products, which provides a guarantee that the product comes from a well managed forest, and meets internationally recognized criteria of forest stewardship.
Fossil Fuels
These are fuels derived from petroleum or coal, such as natural gas, diesel, gasoline or heating oil.
Freehold Timberland
Land that is wholly owned.
Greenhouse Gas (GHG)
This is a collective term for gases such as carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxides (among others) that trap heat in the atmosphere and contribute to climate change. Carbon dioxide (CO2) is the greenhouse gas mostly produced from combustion of fossil fuels.
Groundwood Paper
Paper with mechanical pulp as its major component, which differs from newsprint in brightness, surface characteristics and end-uses
Groundwood Pulp
Type of pulp that is produced by a mechanical process in which wood fibres are ground into pulp at atmospheric pressure.
ISO 14001
This standard, created by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), outlines the necessary elements of a management system and is applicable worldwide.
Kraft Pulp
Type of wood pulp that is produced by a chemical process by an alkaline cooking process using sodium sulphate.
Kiln
A lumber kiln is a thermally insulated chamber or oven in which a controlled temperature regime is produced to dry green lumber so that it can be used immediately.
Log Pond
A log pond is a storage area for logs prior to processing. It also prepares the wood prior to the production of lumber.
Market Pulp
Pulp sold on the open market between non-affiliated companies.
Mechanical Pulp
Pulp produced from roundwood or wood chips by mechanically breaking the bonds between wood fibres.
Mfbm (MMfbm)
Thousand (million) foot board measure.
Opacity
This parameter is a measure of the clarity of the air emissions and approximates the level of particulate in combustion gases.
Red Liquor
A liquid product from the wood cooking step in the magnesium bisulphite process. The organic content of red liquor is used as fuel to produce energy and the inorganic material is recycled in the cooking process.
Release Paper
Paper designed to be easily removed from sticky surfaces, such as the backing paper for labels.
Roundwood
Wood fibre in log form.
Sawdust
Sawdust is composed of fine particles of wood. It has a variety of practical uses, including serving as mulch or as a fuel, or for the manufacture of chipboard.
SC-A Paper
Supercalendered publication paper with a high gloss surface and with a high content of mechanical and/or recycled pulp. It is mainly used for periodicals and advertising materials.
Shaving
Small, thin wood particle that is produced by a cutting action and that is usually feathered along one edge, thicker at another edge, and typically curled.
Silviculture
The science of forest management.
Slurry Form
Pulp in wet form before any drying and/or baling.
Sulphite Pulp
Chemical pulp produced by an acid cooking process using magnesium or calcium bisulphate.
Sulphur Dioxide (SO2)
This gas is formed when sulphur-containing fuels such as oil and coal are burned, and is converted to an acid when exposed to water. Sulphur dioxide can be an ingredient of acid rain formation.
Sustainable Forestry Initiative (SFI)
The Sustainable Forestry Initiative program is a comprehensive system of principles, objectives and performance measures developed by foresters, conservationists and scientists that combines the perpetual growing and harvesting of trees with the protection of wildlife, plants, soil and water quality.
Technical Specialty Papers
Uncoated freesheet papers that require a high degree of technical expertise to produce and are manufactured to customer specifications Thermomechanical Pulp.
Thermal Base Paper
Paper coated with a heat-sensitive material that changes color when heat is applied in a thermal printer.
TMP
Type of pulp that is produced by a mechanical process in which wood fibres are steamed and initially refined under pressure at a temperature above 100 C, followed by secondary atmospheric refining.
Ton (short ton)
This measure of weight is equal to 2,000 pounds (907.18 kg). It is also equal to 0.907 metric tonne.
Tonne (metric tonne)
This measure of weight is equal to 1,000 kilograms or approximately (2,204 pounds). It is also equal to 1.102 short tons.
Total Reduced Sulphur (TRS)
This parameter is a measure of the amount of odorous sulphur compounds produced by the kraft pulping process and emitted to the atmosphere.
Total Suspended Particulates (TSP)
This parameter is a measure of the solid particles (wood, process dust and smoke) found in air emissions.
Total Suspended Solids (TSS)
This parameter is a measure of the suspended solids in an effluent. Increased concentrations of suspended solids reduce how deep below the water surface light can penetrate and thereby reduce the depth at which plants can grow.
Uncoated Freesheet Paper
Paper with bleached chemical pulp as its major raw material, also known as fine paper.
Wood Chips
Wood reduced to small pieces according to a norm. Wood chips are produced from round wood or as a by-product of saw logs.
Wood pulp
Wood fibre produced from solid wood or wood chips for use in the production of paper, paperboard and other products.